By Asim Kilinc, Immigration Attorney at CK Law Firm

Becoming a U.S. citizen is a significant milestone for many immigrants. The process, however, can be complex and time-consuming. As an immigration attorney, I have guided many clients through this journey. In this detailed guide, I will provide step-by-step instructions for applying for U.S. citizenship, including preparation tips for the citizenship test.

Step 1: Determine Your Eligibility

Before applying for U.S. citizenship, you must ensure that you meet the eligibility criteria:

• Age: You must be at least 18 years old.
• Permanent Resident Status: You must have been a lawful permanent resident (Green Card holder) for at least 5 years, or 3 years if you are married to a U.S. citizen.
• Physical Presence: You must have been physically present in the U.S. for at least 30 months out of the last 5 years, or 18 months out of the last 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen.
• Continuous Residence: You must have lived in the U.S. continuously for the specified period.
• Good Moral Character: You must demonstrate good moral character, which generally means having no serious criminal record.
• English and Civics Knowledge: You must have a basic understanding of English and U.S. government and history.

Step 2: Complete Form N-400

The next step is to complete Form N-400, Application for Naturalization. Here’s how:

• Download Form N-400: Visit the USCIS website to download the form and instructions.
• Fill Out the Form: Provide accurate and complete information. Common sections include personal information, residence and employment history, travel history, and criminal background.
• Sign and Date: Ensure that you sign and date the form before submission.

Example: I once had a client, John, who was unsure about how to fill out the travel history section. We carefully reviewed his travel dates to ensure accuracy, avoiding potential delays.

Step 3: Gather Supporting Documents

Along with Form N-400, you will need to submit several supporting documents:

• Photocopy of Your Green Card: Both sides.
• Proof of Marriage: If applying based on marriage to a U.S. citizen.
• Proof of Termination of Prior Marriages: If applicable.
• Two Passport-Style Photos: If residing outside the U.S.
• Additional Documents: Depending on your specific situation, such as evidence of military service or tax records.

Step 4: Submit Your Application

Submit your completed Form N-400, supporting documents, and the application fee to USCIS. You can file online or by mail. The current fee is $725, which includes the $640 application fee and the $85 biometric services fee.

Example: Sarah, another client, opted to file her application online, which streamlined the process and allowed her to track the status of her application easily.

Step 5: Attend the Biometrics Appointment

After submitting your application, you will receive a notice for a biometrics appointment. During this appointment, USCIS will take your fingerprints, photograph, and signature for background checks.

• Prepare for the Appointment: Bring your appointment notice, Green Card, and another form of ID (e.g., passport or driver’s license).
• Appointment Day: Arrive early and follow the instructions provided by the USCIS officer.

Step 6: Prepare for the Citizenship Interview and Test

The citizenship interview and test are crucial components of the naturalization process. Here’s how to prepare:

1. Study for the Civics Test

• Study Materials: Use the official USCIS study materials.
• Topics: U.S. history, government, symbols, and holidays.
• Practice Tests: Take practice tests to gauge your readiness.

2. Improve Your English Skills

• Reading and Writing: Practice reading and writing simple sentences in English.
• Speaking and Listening: Engage in conversations with English speakers to improve your listening and speaking skills.

Example: David, a client who struggled with English, enrolled in ESL (English as a Second Language) classes and used USCIS flashcards to study for the civics test. This preparation helped him pass both the language and civics tests confidently.

Step 7: Attend Your Citizenship Interview

You will receive an appointment notice for your citizenship interview. Here’s what to expect and how to prepare:

• Review Your Application: Familiarize yourself with the information you provided in Form N-400.
• Bring Required Documents: Appointment notice, Green Card, passport, state ID, and any additional documents requested by USCIS.
• Interview Day: Dress professionally, arrive early, and be polite and honest during the interview.

Common Questions: The USCIS officer will ask questions about your application, background, and your understanding of U.S. civics. They will also assess your English proficiency.

Step 8: Receive a Decision

After your interview, USCIS will notify you of their decision:

• Granted: If approved, you will receive a notice for the Oath of Allegiance ceremony.
• Continued: If additional information is needed, USCIS will provide instructions.
• Denied: If denied, USCIS will provide reasons and information on how to appeal.

Step 9: Attend the Oath of Allegiance Ceremony

If your application is approved, you will be scheduled for an Oath of Allegiance ceremony. This is the final step in the naturalization process:

• What to Bring: Your appointment notice, Green Card, and any other required documents.
• Ceremony Day: You will take the Oath of Allegiance, receive your Certificate of Naturalization, and officially become a U.S. citizen.

Example: Maria, a client from Mexico, described her Oath of Allegiance ceremony as one of the proudest moments of her life. She was joined by her family and friends, making it a memorable celebration.

Conclusion

Applying for U.S. citizenship is a significant and rewarding journey. By following these step-by-step instructions and preparing thoroughly for each stage, you can navigate the process with confidence. At CK Law Firm, we are committed to supporting you every step of the way. Contact us today for expert legal advice and personalized assistance.

By Ergul Celiksoy, Immigration Attorney at CK Law Firm

The United States offers a variety of work visas for individuals seeking employment opportunities. Navigating these options can be complex due to the different requirements, application processes, and benefits associated with each visa type. This comprehensive guide will explore the most common work visas available in the U.S., including the H-1B, L-1, and O-1 visas, providing detailed information to help you determine the best option for your specific situation.

H-1B Visa: Specialty Occupations

Overview The H-1B visa is designed for foreign workers in specialty occupations that require theoretical or technical expertise in fields such as IT, engineering, mathematics, science, and medicine.

Eligibility Requirements

• Job Offer: Must have a job offer from a U.S. employer for a specialty occupation.
• Educational Qualifications: Must hold a bachelor’s degree or higher in the specific specialty, or its equivalent.
• Employer Sponsorship: The U.S. employer must sponsor the visa and demonstrate that they are paying the prevailing wage for the position.

Application Process

1. Labor Condition Application (LCA): The employer must file an LCA with the Department of Labor (DOL).
2. Form I-129: The employer files Form I-129, Petition for a Non-immigrant Worker, with USCIS.
3. USCIS Decision: USCIS reviews the petition and makes a decision. If approved, the applicant can apply for an H-1B visa at a U.S. consulate or embassy.

Validity and Extensions

• Initial Period: Up to three years.
• Extensions: Can be extended for up to six years, with some exceptions for longer durations under certain circumstances.

Example: John, an IT professional, received an H-1B visa sponsored by a leading tech company. His employer filed the LCA and Form I-129, and after USCIS approval, John obtained his visa and started working in the U.S.

L-1 Visa: Intra-Company Transferees

Overview The L-1 visa is for employees of international companies who are being transferred to a parent, branch, affiliate, or subsidiary of the same company in the U.S. It is divided into two categories: L-1A for managers and executives, and L-1B for employees with specialized knowledge.

Eligibility Requirements

• Employment: Must have been employed by the foreign company for at least one continuous year within the three years preceding the application.
• Position: Must be transferring to a managerial, executive, or specialized knowledge position in the U.S.

Application Process

1. Form I-129: The U.S. employer files Form I-129, Petition for a Non-immigrant Worker, with USCIS.
2. Supporting Documents: Include proof of the qualifying relationship between the U.S. and foreign entities and evidence of the applicant’s employment and qualifications.

Validity and Extensions

• L-1A Visa: Valid for up to three years, with extensions available for a maximum of seven years.
• L-1B Visa: Valid for up to three years, with extensions available for a maximum of five years.

Example: Maria, an executive at a multinational corporation, was transferred to the company’s U.S. branch on an L-1A visa. The company filed Form I-129 along with supporting documents, and after USCIS approval, Maria began her role in the U.S.

O-1 Visa: Individuals with Extraordinary Ability or Achievement

Overview The O-1 visa is for individuals with extraordinary ability in sciences, arts, education, business, athletics, or extraordinary achievement in the motion picture and television industry.

Eligibility Requirements

• Extraordinary Ability: Demonstrated by sustained national or international acclaim and recognized achievements.
• Evidence: Must provide extensive documentation of their extraordinary ability, such as awards, publications, and high salary.

Application Process

1. Form I-129: The employer or agent files Form I-129, Petition for a Non-immigrant Worker, with USCIS.
2. Consultation: A written advisory opinion from a peer group, labor organization, or management organization in the applicant’s field of expertise.
3. Supporting Documents: Include evidence of extraordinary ability and the job offer or itinerary in the U.S.

Validity and Extensions

• Initial Period: Up to three years.
• Extensions: Can be extended in one-year increments based on the time required to complete the initial event or activity.

Example: Ahmed, a world-renowned scientist, was offered a research position at a prestigious U.S. university. The university filed Form I-129, along with extensive evidence of Ahmed’s achievements and a peer advisory opinion. After USCIS approval, Ahmed obtained his O-1 visa and began his research in the U.S.

Additional Work Visa Options

1. E-1/E-2 Visa: Treaty Traders and Investors

• E-1 Visa: For individuals engaged in substantial trade between the U.S. and their treaty country.
• E-2 Visa: For individuals investing a substantial amount of capital in a U.S. business.

2. TN Visa: NAFTA Professionals

• Available to Canadian and Mexican citizens in certain professional occupations as specified under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

3. H-2A/H-2B Visa: Temporary Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Workers

• H-2A Visa: For temporary agricultural workers.
• H-2B Visa: For temporary non-agricultural workers in seasonal or peak-load positions.

Conclusion

Exploring the various work visa options in the U.S. can open doors to numerous professional opportunities. Understanding the requirements and application processes for each visa type is crucial for a successful application. At CK Law Firm, we are dedicated to providing expert legal support tailored to your unique situation. Contact us today to discuss your immigration needs and explore how we can help you achieve your professional goals in the United States.